ABSTRACT
Estudo descritivo cujos objetivos foram elaborar títulos diagnósticos de enfermagem segundo a CIPE®, realizar mapeamento cruzado entre as formulações diagnósticas e os títulos diagnósticos da NANDA-I, identificar dentre os títulos diagnósticos formulados os constantes e não constantes na NANDA-I e realizar mapeamento dos títulos formulados com as Necessidades Humanas Básicas. Utilizou-se técnica de oficina, com 32 enfermeiros de unidades de terapia intensiva, de mapeamento cruzado e de validação por concordância com peritos. Na oficina foram elaborados 1.665 títulos diagnósticos submetidos a processo de refinamento que resultou em 120 títulos, submetidos a mapeamento cruzado com títulos diagnósticos da NANDA-I e com as necessidades humanas básicas. Os produtos do mapeamento foram submetidos à validação de conteúdo por dois enfermeiros peritos, obtendo-se índices de concordância de 92% e 100%. Constatou-se que 63 títulos constavam na NANDA-I e 47 não.
This descriptive study aimed at elaborating nursing diagnostic labels according to ICNP®; conducting a cross-mapping between the diagnostic formulations and the diagnostic labels of NANDA-I; identifying the diagnostic labels thus obtained that were also listed in the NANDA-I; and mapping them according to Basic Human Needs. The workshop technique was applied to 32 intensive care nurses, the cross-mapping and validation based on agreement with experts. The workshop produced 1665 diagnostic labels which were further refined into 120 labels. They were then submitted to a cross-mapping process with both NANDA-I diagnostic labels and the Basic Human Needs. The mapping results underwent content validation by two expert nurses leading to concordance rates of 92% and 100%. It was found that 63 labels were listed in NANDA-I and 47 were not.
Estudio descriptivo cuyos objetivos fueron la elaboración de etiquetas de diagnósticos de enfermería según la CIPE®, para llevar a cabo lo mapeo cruzado entre el diagnóstico formulado y las etiquetas de los diagnósticos NANDA-I, para identificar entre los títulos de diagnósticos formulados los que eran constantes y no constantes en NANDA-I y asignarlos a las necesidades humanas básicas. Fueron conducidas técnica de oficina con 32 enfermeros de las unidades de cuidados intensivos, mapeo cruzado y validación de acuerdo con los expertos. Se elaboró 1665 títulos diagnósticos en la oficina sometidos a un proceso de refinamiento. El resultado fue de 120 títulos que se presentaron a un proceso de mapeo con los títulos de diagnósticos de la NANDA-I y con las necesidades humanas básicas. Validación de contenido se realizó con los productos de lo mapeo por dos enfermeras expertas y las tasas de concordancia del 92% y 100% fueron obtenidas. Se encontró que 63 títulos estaban contenidos en la NANDA-I y 47 no lo hicieron.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Malonates/metabolism , Microsomes, Liver/metabolism , Toluene/analogs & derivatives , Chemical Phenomena , Chemistry , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry , Glucuronates/metabolism , Injections, Intravenous , Microsomes, Liver/drug effects , Rats, Inbred Strains , Toluene/administration & dosage , Toluene/metabolism , XenobioticsABSTRACT
In this study, biological degradation of non-polar monoaromatic compounds, benzene and toluene, by one of the white rot fungi, namely Trametes versicolor was analyzed and the biomass formed was determined. The studies were carried out in mediums which contain basic nutrients in certain amounts, toluene and benzene at concentrations of 50, 100, 200, 250 and 350 mg/l, pH at 5, temperature at 28 degrees C and rpm at 150. Within an incubation period of 48 hours, it was observed that, removal was completed in 4 hours when toluene concentration was 50 mg/l and was completed in 36 hours when concentration was 300 mg/l. Biodegradation was completed at the end of 4th hour at benzene concentration of 50 mg/l while it continued for 42 hours at the concentration of 300 mg/l. With the addition of veratryl alcohol (3,4-Dimethoxybenzyl alcohol) to the basic feed medium, the operation of the enzyme system gained speed and biodegradation completed in a shorter time period.
Subject(s)
Basidiomycota/metabolism , Benzene/metabolism , Benzyl Alcohols/metabolism , Biodegradation, Environmental , Culture Media , Environmental Pollutants/metabolism , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Temperature , Time Factors , Toluene/metabolism , VolatilizationABSTRACT
Metabolites viz. phenol, hippuric acid and total trichloro compounds of benzene, toluene and trichloroethylene respectively were estimated in the urine samples of male and female rats after exposure for a period of 30 days. The results exhibited higher metabolism in female rats than the male rats. Their metabolism might be regulated by cytochrome P450 isozymes in a gender specific manner. However, sex differences in the activity of glutathione-S-transferases of the liver have also been found to determine their toxicity. Results have been discussed with quantitative profiles of other enzymes established in the liver of male and female rats.